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F - Economy

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  • F.01 - Economy, general     ↑ top
    • F.01.01 Economic order/General economic conditions
      • Achievement oriented societies 🔎
      • Agrarian societies 🔎
      • Consumer societies 🔎
      • Coordination by bureaucratic means (economy) 🔎
      • Coordination by negotiation/consultation (economy) 🔎
      • Coordination mechanisms (economy) 🔎
      • Domestic economy 🔎
      • Economic conditions 🔎
      • Economic constitutions 🔎
      • Economic order 🔎
      • Economic order policy 🔎
      • Economic processes 🔎
      • Economic reforms 🔎
      • Economy 🔎
      • Foreign economy 🔎
      • Industrial societies 🔎
      • National economies 🔎
      • Organized regulation of interests (economy) 🔎
      • Postindustrial societies 🔎
      • Services oriented societies 🔎
      • State management (national economy) 🔎
    • F.01.02 Economic systems
      • Circular economy 🔎
      • Colonial economies 🔎
      • Competition between societal systems 🔎
      • Convergence of societal systems 🔎
      • Decentralized economic systems 🔎
      • Economic systems 🔎
      • Free market economies 🔎
      • Islamic economic system 🔎
      • Mixed economic systems 🔎
      • Planned economies 🔎
      • Preindustrial economic systems 🔎
      • Relations between different types of economic systems 🔎
      • Rent capitalism 🔎
      • Self-management economies 🔎
      • Social economy 🔎
      • Social market economics 🔎
      • Socialist economic systems 🔎
      • State capitalism 🔎
      • Subsistence economies 🔎
      • Systems transformation 🔎
      • Transition economies 🔎
      • Wartime economies 🔎
    • F.01.03 Economic actors/Economic behaviour
      • Achievement principle 🔎
      • Cooperatives 🔎
      • Economic actors 🔎
      • Economic behaviour 🔎
      • Economic crimes 🔎
      • Economic interests 🔎
      • Economic role of the state 🔎
      • Enterprises 🔎
      • Incentives 🔎
      • Private enterprises 🔎
      • Private households 🔎
      • Private sector 🔎
      • Public enterprises 🔎
      • Public sector 🔎
      • Rational behavior (economy) 🔎
      • Speculation (economy) 🔎
      • Units within enterprises 🔎
    • F.01.04 Markets
      • Black market 🔎
      • Commodity trade 🔎
      • Consumer markets 🔎
      • Demand for goods and services 🔎
      • Domestic markets 🔎
      • Factor demand 🔎
      • Factor supply 🔎
      • Futures markets 🔎
      • Market access 🔎
      • Market contraction 🔎
      • Market expansion 🔎
      • Market power 🔎
      • Market research 🔎
      • Market share 🔎
      • Market structures 🔎
      • Market transparency 🔎
      • Markets 🔎
      • Monopoly (economy) 🔎
      • Oligopoly 🔎
      • Product markets 🔎
      • Security of supply 🔎
      • Spot markets 🔎
      • State monopoly 🔎
      • Supply of goods and services 🔎
    • F.01.05 Competition
      • Competition 🔎
      • Competition law 🔎
      • Competition policy 🔎
      • Competition regulation agencies 🔎
      • Competitiveness 🔎
      • Consumer protection 🔎
      • Deregulation (economy) 🔎
      • Distortion of competition 🔎
      • Dumping (foreign trade) 🔎
      • Economic concentration 🔎
      • Economic espionage 🔎
      • International competition 🔎
      • Market regimes 🔎
      • Market regulation 🔎
      • Merger control 🔎
      • Relations between economic actors and states/politics 🔎
      • Restraints on competition 🔎
      • Unfair competition 🔎
    • F.01.06 Economic law
      • Banking and monetary law 🔎
      • Budgetary law 🔎
      • Business law 🔎
      • Business terms 🔎
      • Civil law 🔎
      • Collective bargaining law 🔎
      • Commercial law 🔎
      • Competition law 🔎
      • Contract law 🔎
      • Cooperatives law 🔎
      • Corporate law 🔎
      • Economic law 🔎
      • Financial law 🔎
      • Foreign trade and payments law 🔎
      • Intellectual property law 🔎
      • International economic law 🔎
      • Investment law 🔎
      • Labour law 🔎
      • Land law 🔎
      • Patent law 🔎
      • Rent/tenancy law 🔎
      • Right of establishment law 🔎
      • Tax/fiscal law 🔎
      • Trade marks 🔎
    • F.01.07 Economic sciences
      • Business administration (academic discipline) 🔎
      • Circular flow theory (economics) 🔎
      • Classical economic theory 🔎
      • Comparative economics 🔎
      • Cost theory 🔎
      • Development theory 🔎
      • Distribution theory 🔎
      • Economic analysis 🔎
      • Economic cycle theory 🔎
      • Economic growth theory 🔎
      • Economic policy theory 🔎
      • Economic study and research 🔎
      • Economic surveys 🔎
      • Economic systems theory 🔎
      • Economic theory 🔎
      • Economics 🔎
      • Energy economics 🔎
      • External effects 🔎
      • Finance (academic discipline) 🔎
      • Income and employment theory 🔎
      • International economics (academic discipline) 🔎
      • International economics theory 🔎
      • Keynesian economic theory 🔎
      • Macroeconomics 🔎
      • Microeconomics 🔎
      • Monetarism 🔎
      • Monetary theory 🔎
      • Neoclassical economic theory 🔎
      • Peripheral capitalism theory 🔎
      • Price theory 🔎
      • Production theory 🔎
      • Purchasing power parity theory 🔎
      • Rational expectations theory 🔎
      • Regional development theory 🔎
      • Social benefits 🔎
      • Social costs 🔎
      • Socialist economic theory 🔎
      • Supply-oriented economic theory 🔎
      • Theoretical economics approach 🔎
      • Theory of welfare economics 🔎
      • Underdevelopment theory 🔎
    • F.01.08 Political economy
      • Economic theory of bureaucracy 🔎
      • Economic theory of democracy 🔎
      • Economic theory of politics 🔎
      • Economic theory of pressure groups 🔎
      • Marxist political economics 🔎
      • Political economics of socialism 🔎
      • Political economy 🔎
  • F.02 - Economic process     ↑ top
    • F.02.01 Labour/Employment
      • Creation of jobs 🔎
      • Division of labour 🔎
      • Employment policy 🔎
      • Full employment 🔎
      • Home industry 🔎
      • Human ressources/human capital 🔎
      • Labour costs 🔎
      • Labour market 🔎
      • Labour market policy 🔎
      • Labour mobility 🔎
      • Long-term unemployment 🔎
      • Manpower/labour force 🔎
      • Night work/shift work 🔎
      • Paid employment 🔎
      • Part time employment 🔎
      • Persons not seeking employment 🔎
      • Precarious work 🔎
      • Professional/specialized qualifications 🔎
      • Structural unemployment 🔎
      • Sunday working 🔎
      • Team work 🔎
      • Underemployment 🔎
      • Unemployed persons 🔎
      • Unemployment 🔎
      • Work/employment 🔎
      • Working culture 🔎
    • F.02.02 Land
      • Agricultural reforms 🔎
      • Land (factor of production) 🔎
      • Land policy 🔎
      • Land tenure 🔎
      • Landless/tenant farmers 🔎
      • Landowners 🔎
      • Large estates 🔎
      • Large landowners 🔎
      • Real estate 🔎
      • Real estate market 🔎
      • Real estate speculation 🔎
      • Soil quality 🔎
      • Tenancies 🔎
    • F.02.03 Capital/Investment
      • Capital (factor of production) 🔎
      • Capital expenditure 🔎
      • Capital flight/refugee capital 🔎
      • Capital mobility and movements 🔎
      • Capital movement control 🔎
      • Capital needs 🔎
      • Capital resources 🔎
      • Companies own capital 🔎
      • Disinvestment 🔎
      • Employees shares 🔎
      • Equity participation 🔎
      • External capital 🔎
      • Investment controls 🔎
      • Investment guarantees 🔎
      • Investment law 🔎
      • Investment policy 🔎
      • Investments 🔎
      • Monetary capital 🔎
      • Official international loans 🔎
      • Private investment 🔎
      • Productive investment 🔎
      • Promotion of investment 🔎
      • Public investment 🔎
      • Public loans 🔎
      • Public-private partnerships 🔎
      • Risk capital 🔎
    • F.02.04 Production
      • Capital intensive production 🔎
      • Factor costs 🔎
      • Factor mobility 🔎
      • Factor substitution 🔎
      • Factors of production 🔎
      • Hand craft production 🔎
      • Industrial production 🔎
      • Labour intensive production 🔎
      • Overproduction 🔎
      • Processing 🔎
      • Production 🔎
      • Production (macroeconomic) 🔎
      • Production quotas 🔎
      • Productivity 🔎
      • Regional allocation of resources 🔎
      • Relocation of production 🔎
      • Resource allocation 🔎
      • Resources 🔎
      • Scale of production 🔎
      • Sectoral allocation of resources 🔎
      • Structure of production 🔎
    • F.02.05 Prices
      • Agricultural prices 🔎
      • Commodity prices 🔎
      • Controlled prices 🔎
      • Cost price 🔎
      • Deflation 🔎
      • Fixed prices 🔎
      • Food prices 🔎
      • Foreign trade prices 🔎
      • Hyperinflation 🔎
      • Inflation 🔎
      • Market prices 🔎
      • Monopoly prices 🔎
      • Price determination 🔎
      • Price differentiation 🔎
      • Price dumping 🔎
      • Price elasticity 🔎
      • Price indices 🔎
      • Price movements 🔎
      • Price planning 🔎
      • Price policy 🔎
      • Price reforms 🔎
      • Prices 🔎
      • Producer prices 🔎
      • Retail prices 🔎
      • Shadow prices 🔎
      • Stagflation 🔎
      • Wage and price controls 🔎
      • Wholesale prices 🔎
      • World market prices 🔎
    • F.02.06 Income and assets
      • Asset income 🔎
      • Assets 🔎
      • Assets and income 🔎
      • Assets distribution 🔎
      • Assets distribution policy 🔎
      • Capital formation 🔎
      • Capital gains/investment income 🔎
      • Employees shares 🔎
      • High incomes 🔎
      • Income 🔎
      • Income distribution 🔎
      • Income of private households 🔎
      • Incomes policy 🔎
      • Low incomes 🔎
      • Minimum income/minimum wages 🔎
      • Pensions (income) 🔎
      • Profit share 🔎
      • Profits 🔎
      • Rent 🔎
      • Tenancies 🔎
      • Wage and price controls 🔎
      • Wage determination 🔎
      • Wage movements 🔎
      • Wage ratio 🔎
      • Wages 🔎
      • Wages policy 🔎
    • F.02.07 Property
      • Changes in ownership structures 🔎
      • Cooperative ownership 🔎
      • Expropriation 🔎
      • Expropriation of foreign interests 🔎
      • Home ownership 🔎
      • Indemnity/compensation 🔎
      • Intellectual property 🔎
      • Nationalization 🔎
      • Ownership of the means of production 🔎
      • Ownership structure 🔎
      • Private ownership 🔎
      • Privatization 🔎
      • Property law 🔎
      • Property ownership 🔎
      • Property ownership policy 🔎
      • Property rights 🔎
      • Public ownership 🔎
      • Restitution of property 🔎
      • Socialization (of property) 🔎
    • F.02.08 National product/Distribution
      • Assets and income 🔎
      • Assets distribution 🔎
      • Assets/income distribution policy 🔎
      • Assets/income redistribution 🔎
      • Consumption 🔎
      • Contribution of individual sectors to GNP 🔎
      • Distribution of the national product 🔎
      • Functional income distribution 🔎
      • Gross domestic product 🔎
      • Gross national income 🔎
      • Income distribution 🔎
      • National income 🔎
      • Net exports (goods and services) 🔎
      • Personal income distribution 🔎
      • Private households consumption 🔎
      • Public sector share in GNP 🔎
      • Saving 🔎
      • Use of gross national product 🔎
    • F.02.09 Supply of goods/Standard of living
      • Basic needs 🔎
      • Consumer behaviour 🔎
      • Consumer expenditure 🔎
      • Consumption 🔎
      • Cost of living 🔎
      • Energy crisis 🔎
      • Energy security 🔎
      • Energy supply 🔎
      • Family budgets 🔎
      • Food supply 🔎
      • Impoverishment 🔎
      • Need 🔎
      • Poverty 🔎
      • Prosperity 🔎
      • Quota systems 🔎
      • Rationing 🔎
      • Self-sufficiency 🔎
      • Social exclusion 🔎
      • Social infrastructures 🔎
      • Standard of living 🔎
      • Subsistence minimum 🔎
      • Supply of goods and services 🔎
      • Water supply 🔎
  • F.03 - Finance     ↑ top
    • F.03.01 Finance, general
      • Banking systems 🔎
      • Credit sector 🔎
      • Finance 🔎
      • Financial innovation 🔎
      • Financial statistics 🔎
      • Insurance industry 🔎
      • International finance 🔎
      • Monetary systems 🔎
    • F.03.02 Financing
      • Acquisition of funds 🔎
      • Budgetary control 🔎
      • Budgets 🔎
      • Contributions (payment) 🔎
      • Corporate finance 🔎
      • Country risk (foreign property) 🔎
      • Finance for industry 🔎
      • Financial aid 🔎
      • Financial risk assessment 🔎
      • Financial risks 🔎
      • Financing 🔎
      • Financing programmes 🔎
      • Funds 🔎
      • Leasing 🔎
      • Mixed financing 🔎
      • Outside financing 🔎
      • Project financing 🔎
      • Self-financing 🔎
    • F.03.03 Financial markets
      • Bank bankruptcy 🔎
      • Bank cooperation (int.) 🔎
      • Banking controls 🔎
      • Financial crises 🔎
      • Financial futures markets 🔎
      • Financial instruments 🔎
      • Financial markets 🔎
      • Financial regulation 🔎
      • Financial resources 🔎
      • Government bonds 🔎
      • Interbank market 🔎
      • Money and capital markets 🔎
      • Securities 🔎
      • Stock indices 🔎
      • Stock markets 🔎
    • F.03.04 Money markets
      • Bank clearing 🔎
      • Bank reserves 🔎
      • Bank transactions 🔎
      • Banking controls 🔎
      • Capital flight/refugee capital 🔎
      • Circulation of money 🔎
      • Foreign exchange 🔎
      • Foreign exchange rates 🔎
      • Hoarding 🔎
      • Liquidity 🔎
      • Means of payment 🔎
      • Minimum reserve policy (monetary policy) 🔎
      • Money 🔎
      • Money and capital markets 🔎
      • Money supply 🔎
      • Money value 🔎
      • Payment systems 🔎
      • Purchasing power (currency) 🔎
      • Saving 🔎
      • Saving by private households 🔎
    • F.03.05 Credit markets
      • Agricultural credit 🔎
      • Bank credits 🔎
      • Consumer credits 🔎
      • Credit agreements 🔎
      • Credit cards 🔎
      • Credit control 🔎
      • Credit facility 🔎
      • Credit standing 🔎
      • Credit transactions 🔎
      • Creditors/borrowers 🔎
      • Credits 🔎
      • Financial risk assessment 🔎
      • Guarantees 🔎
      • Interest 🔎
      • International credits and loans 🔎
      • Loans 🔎
      • Microfinance 🔎
      • Monetary policy/credit policy 🔎
      • Money and capital markets 🔎
      • Securing credits 🔎
      • Usury 🔎
    • F.03.06 Indebtedness
      • Corporate indebtedness 🔎
      • Debt management 🔎
      • Debt recovery 🔎
      • Debt relief/debt cancellation 🔎
      • Debt repayment 🔎
      • Debt repudiation 🔎
      • Debt rescheduling 🔎
      • Foreign debt 🔎
      • Foreign public debt 🔎
      • Indebtedness 🔎
      • Insolvency 🔎
      • Liabilities 🔎
      • Liquidity 🔎
      • Private indebtedness 🔎
      • Public indebtedness 🔎
    • F.03.07 Financial services
      • Arbitrage transactions 🔎
      • Bank accounts 🔎
      • Bank clearing 🔎
      • Bank credits 🔎
      • Bank guarantees 🔎
      • Bank services 🔎
      • Financial consultancy 🔎
      • Financial innovation 🔎
      • Financial intelligence 🔎
      • Financial services 🔎
      • Insurance services 🔎
      • Savings (system) 🔎
    • F.03.08 Financial institutions
      • Banks 🔎
      • Banks abroad 🔎
      • Central banks 🔎
      • Credit unions 🔎
      • Financial institutions 🔎
      • Foreign banks 🔎
      • Foreign exchange offices 🔎
      • Insurance companies 🔎
      • International commercial banks 🔎
      • International development banks 🔎
      • Investment institutions 🔎
      • Ministries of finance 🔎
      • National development banks 🔎
      • Stock exchanges 🔎
    • F.03.09 International finance
  • F.04 - Economic development     ↑ top
    • F.04.01 Economic development, general
      • Adjustment processes (economy) 🔎
      • Economic and social indicators 🔎
      • Economic crises 🔎
      • Economic development 🔎
      • Economic forecasting 🔎
      • Economic process policy 🔎
      • Economic security 🔎
      • Economic situation 🔎
      • Export orientation 🔎
      • Human development 🔎
      • Industrial development 🔎
      • Industrialization 🔎
      • Modernization 🔎
      • Relations between the economy and ecology 🔎
      • Socio-economic change 🔎
      • Socio-economic development 🔎
      • Socio-economic processes 🔎
      • Sustainable development 🔎
      • Underdevelopment 🔎
      • Urbanization 🔎
    • F.04.02 Determinants of economic development
      • Demographic factors 🔎
      • Determinants of economic development/underdevelopment 🔎
      • Development potential 🔎
      • Domestic economic determinants 🔎
      • Economic potential 🔎
      • Environmental factors 🔎
      • Environmental standards 🔎
      • External economic factors 🔎
      • Geoeconomic factors 🔎
      • Historical factors 🔎
      • Labour and social standards 🔎
      • Political determinants 🔎
      • Significance of single sectors for socio-economic development 🔎
      • Socio-cultural factors 🔎
      • Socio-political change 🔎
      • Structural determinants of economic development 🔎
    • F.04.03 Business cycle/Growth
      • Anticyclical program 🔎
      • Balance of payments 🔎
      • Balance of payments policy 🔎
      • Balanced economic growth 🔎
      • Boom 🔎
      • Business cycle indicators 🔎
      • Business cycle policy 🔎
      • Business cycles 🔎
      • Business/trade cycle phases 🔎
      • Competitive deflation 🔎
      • Deflation 🔎
      • Depression (economy) 🔎
      • Economic cycles interdependence 🔎
      • Economic growth 🔎
      • Economic recession 🔎
      • Economic upturn 🔎
      • Employment policy 🔎
      • Fiscal policy 🔎
      • Growth policy 🔎
      • Industrial decline 🔎
      • Inflation 🔎
      • Intensive economic growth 🔎
      • Price movements 🔎
      • Price stability 🔎
      • Qualitative economic growth 🔎
      • Stabilization policy 🔎
      • Stagflation 🔎
      • Wage and price controls 🔎
      • Wage movements 🔎
    • F.04.04 Economic structure
      • Adjustment processes (economy) 🔎
      • Disparities in economic structures 🔎
      • Economic structures 🔎
      • Infrastructural developments (territorial) 🔎
      • Infrastructure 🔎
      • Infrastructure policy 🔎
      • Regional economic structure 🔎
      • Socio-economic dualism 🔎
      • Structural economic change 🔎
      • Structural economic policy 🔎
      • Structure of economic sectors 🔎
    • F.04.05 Development policy
      • Appropriate technology 🔎
      • Basic needs 🔎
      • Community development 🔎
      • Development indicators 🔎
      • Development policy 🔎
      • Development policy strategies 🔎
      • Development process research 🔎
      • Development strategy oriented to the domestic markets 🔎
      • Development strategy oriented to world markets 🔎
      • Development through modernization 🔎
      • Dissociation 🔎
      • Import substitution 🔎
      • Models of development 🔎
      • National development models 🔎
      • National development policy (developing country) 🔎
      • North-South conflict 🔎
      • Obstacles to development 🔎
      • Poverty alleviation 🔎
      • Raw materials export model 🔎
      • Regional allocation of resources 🔎
      • Regional economic/development areas 🔎
      • Resource allocation 🔎
      • Rural development 🔎
      • Sectoral allocation of resources 🔎
      • Self-reliance 🔎
      • Socio-economic dualism 🔎
      • Sociology of social development 🔎
      • Strategy for fulfilment of basic needs 🔎
      • Underdevelopment 🔎
    • F.04.06 Regional development/Regional economic policy
      • Euroregions 🔎
      • Geoeconomic factors 🔎
      • Hinterland (regional structure) 🔎
      • House building 🔎
      • Housing policy 🔎
      • Industrial zones (local) 🔎
      • Land reclamation 🔎
      • Local economic policy 🔎
      • Location factors 🔎
      • Planning regions 🔎
      • Public sector (subnational) 🔎
      • Recreation areas 🔎
      • Regional administration 🔎
      • Regional development/planning 🔎
      • Regional disparities 🔎
      • Regional economic cooperation (subnational) 🔎
      • Regional economic policy 🔎
      • Regional economic structure 🔎
      • Regional environmental protection 🔎
      • Regional finance (subnational) 🔎
      • Regional government economic planning 🔎
      • Regional planning bodies 🔎
      • Regional policy 🔎
      • Regions of economic activity/industrial areas 🔎
      • Relocation of production 🔎
      • Residential areas 🔎
      • Rural areas 🔎
      • Rural-urban relationships 🔎
      • Settlement policy 🔎
      • Supralocal authority associations 🔎
      • Urban construction 🔎
      • Urban planning 🔎
    • F.04.07 Economic and social statistics
      • Agricultural statistics 🔎
      • Economic and social statistics 🔎
      • Energy statistics 🔎
      • Financial statistics 🔎
      • Industrial statistics 🔎
      • International economic statistics 🔎
      • International financial statistics 🔎
      • International trade statistics 🔎
      • Labour statistics 🔎
      • Life satisfaction 🔎
      • National accounts 🔎
      • Official statistics 🔎
      • Population statistics 🔎
      • Statistical offices 🔎
    • F.04.08 Statistical methods/Econometrics
      • Comparability of data 🔎
      • Correlation 🔎
      • Cost-benefit analysis 🔎
      • Cost-effectiveness method 🔎
      • Data gathering 🔎
      • Data processing/evaluation 🔎
      • Econometrics 🔎
      • Economic information 🔎
      • Economic models 🔎
      • Empirical analysis 🔎
      • Empirical economic research 🔎
      • Growth rates 🔎
      • Input-output-analysis 🔎
      • Mathematical statistics 🔎
      • Measurement/measurement systems 🔎
      • Methods of assessment 🔎
      • Numerical data/statistical data 🔎
      • Per capita rate 🔎
      • Regression 🔎
      • Shopping basket (consumer statistics) 🔎
      • Statistical analysis 🔎
      • Statistical average 🔎
      • Statistical indices 🔎
      • Statistical methods 🔎
      • Statistics (collections) 🔎
      • Time series 🔎
  • F.05 - Economic sectors/Branches of the economy     ↑ top
    • F.05.01 Economic sectors/Branches of the economy, general
      • Black economy 🔎
      • Branches of the economy 🔎
      • Industrial classification systems 🔎
      • Informal sector 🔎
      • Primary sector 🔎
      • Private secondary markets 🔎
      • Private sector 🔎
      • Public sector 🔎
      • Quaternary sector 🔎
      • Secondary sector 🔎
      • Service/tertiary sector 🔎
      • Structure of economic sectors 🔎
    • F.05.02 Agroeconomy
      • Agriculture 🔎
      • Agroforestry 🔎
      • Agroindustry 🔎
      • Apiculture 🔎
      • Aquaculture 🔎
      • Arable farming 🔎
      • Beverage industry 🔎
      • Coastal fishing 🔎
      • Dairy farming 🔎
      • Deep sea fishing 🔎
      • Fisheries 🔎
      • Fishing industry 🔎
      • Food industry 🔎
      • Forestry 🔎
      • Freshwater fishing 🔎
      • Fruit farming and horticulture 🔎
      • Livestock farming 🔎
      • Meat industry 🔎
      • Milling industry 🔎
      • Plantation economies 🔎
      • Sugar industry 🔎
      • Tobacco industry 🔎
    • F.05.03 Industry and handicraft
      • Armaments industry 🔎
      • Branches of industry 🔎
      • Business law 🔎
      • Capital goods industry/raw materials industry 🔎
      • Chambers of commerce and industry 🔎
      • Coal and steel industry 🔎
      • Consumer goods industry 🔎
      • Economic espionage 🔎
      • Handicrafts 🔎
      • Heavy industry 🔎
      • High technology industry 🔎
      • Industrial enterprises 🔎
      • Industrial planning 🔎
      • Industrial production 🔎
      • Industrial projects 🔎
      • Industrial regions 🔎
      • Industry 🔎
      • Industry, handicrafts and trade 🔎
      • Investment goods industry 🔎
      • Key industry 🔎
      • Light industry 🔎
      • Luxury industry 🔎
      • Manufacturing industry 🔎
      • Maritime industry 🔎
      • Production industry 🔎
      • Small and medium sized enterprises 🔎
      • Small business/industry 🔎
      • Waste disposal industry 🔎
    • F.05.04 Mining/Steel industry
      • Coal mining 🔎
      • Deep sea mining 🔎
      • Exploitation of deposits 🔎
      • Exploration of deposits 🔎
      • Metallurgical industry/engineering 🔎
      • Mining 🔎
      • Offshore mining 🔎
      • Oil fields 🔎
      • Ore mining 🔎
      • Raw materials deposits 🔎
      • Raw materials processing 🔎
      • Salt extraction 🔎
      • Steel industry 🔎
    • F.05.05 Water management
      • Civil/hydraulic engineering 🔎
      • Coast protection/river regulation 🔎
      • Desalination 🔎
      • Drinking water 🔎
      • Fresh water 🔎
      • Groundwater 🔎
      • Transport of water 🔎
      • Waste water sewage 🔎
      • Water extraction 🔎
      • Water management 🔎
      • Water storage 🔎
      • Water treatment 🔎
    • F.05.06 Energy industry
      • Coal industry 🔎
      • Crude oil/natural gas extraction 🔎
      • Electric power supply 🔎
      • Electricity 🔎
      • Electricity industry 🔎
      • Energy 🔎
      • Energy balance 🔎
      • Energy conservation 🔎
      • Energy consumption 🔎
      • Energy demand 🔎
      • Energy industry 🔎
      • Energy policy 🔎
      • Energy resources 🔎
      • Energy supply 🔎
      • Energy supply companies 🔎
      • Energy transport 🔎
      • Energy utilization 🔎
      • Gas industry 🔎
      • Geothermal energy 🔎
      • Integrated energy networks 🔎
      • Nuclear energy 🔎
      • Nuclear energy industry 🔎
      • Nuclear energy policy 🔎
      • Nuclear fuel industry 🔎
      • Petroleum industry 🔎
      • Petroleum policy 🔎
      • Pipelines 🔎
      • Power generation 🔎
      • Primary energy sources 🔎
      • Renewable energy sources 🔎
      • Secondary energy sources 🔎
    • F.05.07 Metalworking and electrical engineering industry
      • Aerospace industries 🔎
      • Electrical industry 🔎
      • Electronics industry 🔎
      • Machine tool industry 🔎
      • Mechanical engineering industry 🔎
      • Metalworking industry 🔎
      • Motor industry 🔎
      • Precision engineering and optical industry 🔎
      • Shipbuilding industry 🔎
    • F.05.08 Chemical industry/Petroleum processing
      • Biotechnology industry 🔎
      • Chemical industry 🔎
      • Fertilizer industry 🔎
      • Petrochemical industry 🔎
      • Pharmaceutical industry 🔎
      • Plastics and rubber industry 🔎
      • Synthetic fibre industry 🔎
    • F.05.09 Construction industry
      • Building construction 🔎
      • Building law 🔎
      • Buildings 🔎
      • Construction engineering 🔎
      • Construction industry 🔎
      • Construction materials industry 🔎
      • Glass and ceramics industry 🔎
      • House building 🔎
      • Railway construction 🔎
      • Road construction 🔎
    • F.05.10 Other processing industries
      • Arts and crafts 🔎
      • Cotton industry 🔎
      • Glass and ceramics industry 🔎
      • Leather industry 🔎
      • Packaging industry 🔎
      • Paper industry 🔎
      • Printing industry 🔎
      • Spinning and weaving industry 🔎
      • Textile/clothing industry 🔎
      • Wood processing/woodworking industry 🔎
    • F.05.11 Wholesale/Retail trade
      • Department stores 🔎
      • Domestic trade 🔎
      • Electronic commerce 🔎
      • Intermediate trade 🔎
      • Mail order trade 🔎
      • Markets (trading places) 🔎
      • Retail trade 🔎
      • Supermarkets 🔎
      • Transit trade 🔎
      • Wholesale trade 🔎
    • F.05.12 Transport/Traffic
      • Air traffic control 🔎
      • Air traffic/transport 🔎
      • Airlift 🔎
      • Border traffic 🔎
      • Cargo 🔎
      • City traffic 🔎
      • Civil aviation 🔎
      • Coastal navigation/shipping 🔎
      • Flags of convenience 🔎
      • Goods traffic/freight traffic 🔎
      • Inland waters navigation 🔎
      • Land transport 🔎
      • Local cross-border traffic 🔎
      • Local traffic 🔎
      • Long distance traffic/transport 🔎
      • Marine transport 🔎
      • Motorization 🔎
      • Nationality of ships 🔎
      • Non-motorized transport 🔎
      • Passenger transport 🔎
      • Private transport 🔎
      • Public transport 🔎
      • Rail transport 🔎
      • Right to enter (air law) 🔎
      • Road transport 🔎
      • Shipping 🔎
      • Tourist traffic 🔎
      • Traffic accidents 🔎
      • Traffic control 🔎
      • Traffic structure 🔎
      • Traffic/road safety 🔎
      • Transit traffic 🔎
      • Transport 🔎
      • Travel formalities 🔎
    • F.05.13 Means of transport/Routes
    • F.05.14 Information and telecommunication industry
      • Information and communication technology 🔎
      • Information and telecommunications industry 🔎
      • Postal and telecommunications services 🔎
      • Postal services 🔎
      • Telecommunication policy 🔎
      • Telecommunications services 🔎
    • F.05.15 Services
      • Advertising industry 🔎
      • Advisory services 🔎
      • Bank services 🔎
      • Book trade 🔎
      • Brokerage 🔎
      • Business hours 🔎
      • Film industry 🔎
      • Financial services 🔎
      • Hotel and catering industry 🔎
      • Housing 🔎
      • Laundry/dry-cleaners 🔎
      • Leisure industry 🔎
      • Maintenance/repair 🔎
      • Management consultancy 🔎
      • Performing arts 🔎
      • Radio 🔎
      • Services 🔎
      • Specialized information 🔎
      • Telecommunications services 🔎
      • Television 🔎
      • Tourist industry 🔎
      • Trade fairs/exhibitions 🔎
    • F.05.16 Banks/Insurance
      • Bank services 🔎
      • Banks 🔎
      • Central banks 🔎
      • Credit sector 🔎
      • Credit unions 🔎
      • Development banks 🔎
      • Financial innovation 🔎
      • Financial services 🔎
      • Insurance companies 🔎
      • Insurance services 🔎
      • International development banks 🔎
      • National development banks 🔎
      • Savings (system) 🔎
      • Stock exchanges 🔎
    • F.05.17 Public sector
      • Public enterprises 🔎
      • Public investment 🔎
      • Public ownership 🔎
      • Public procurement 🔎
      • Public sector 🔎
      • Public utilities 🔎
      • Public works 🔎
      • State shareholding 🔎
    • F.05.18 Sectoral economic policies
      • Agriculture policy 🔎
      • Energy policy 🔎
      • Fisheries policy 🔎
      • Housing policy 🔎
      • Industrial policy 🔎
      • Nuclear energy policy 🔎
      • Raw materials policy 🔎
      • Sectoral economic planning by government 🔎
      • Sectoral economic policy 🔎
      • Small business/small industry policy 🔎
      • Transport policy 🔎
  • F.06 - Enterprises/Business      ↑ top
    • F.06.01 Enterprises/Business administration, general
      • Business administration (academic discipline) 🔎
      • Business economics 🔎
      • Company branch offices 🔎
      • Company with shared capital 🔎
      • Corporate culture/corporate identity 🔎
      • Enterprise formation 🔎
      • Enterprises 🔎
      • Industrial enterprises 🔎
      • Joint ventures 🔎
      • Labour relations regulations 🔎
      • Legal forms 🔎
      • Listed company 🔎
      • Mergers/takeovers 🔎
      • Private enterprises 🔎
      • Public enterprises 🔎
      • Right of establishment law 🔎
      • State-owned farms 🔎
      • Subsidiaries 🔎
      • Units of economic activity 🔎
    • F.06.02 Type/Size of enterprise
      • Agricultural cooperatives 🔎
      • Business sidelines 🔎
      • Consultancy firms 🔎
      • Consumer cooperatives 🔎
      • Cooperatives 🔎
      • Credit unions 🔎
      • Groups of companies 🔎
      • Handicraft enterprises 🔎
      • Holding companies 🔎
      • Housing cooperatives 🔎
      • Industrial cooperatives 🔎
      • Large enterprises 🔎
      • Marketing cooperatives 🔎
      • Producer cooperatives 🔎
      • Retail enterprises 🔎
      • Size of enterprises 🔎
      • Subcontracting firms/suppliers 🔎
      • Trading companies 🔎
      • Units within enterprises 🔎
      • Vocational training enterprises 🔎
    • F.06.03 Concentration of enterprises
      • Cartels 🔎
      • Economic concentration 🔎
      • Equity participation 🔎
      • Groups of companies 🔎
      • Horizontal economic concentration 🔎
      • Mergers/takeovers 🔎
      • Monopoly (economy) 🔎
      • Oligopoly 🔎
      • Participating interests 🔎
      • Vertical economic concentration 🔎
    • F.06.04 Cooperation between enterprises
      • Armaments cooperation 🔎
      • Cooperation between enterprises 🔎
      • Coproduction 🔎
      • Economic cooperation in third markets 🔎
      • Joint ventures 🔎
      • Licences 🔎
      • Subcontracting 🔎
    • F.06.05 Work organization/Production process
      • Automation 🔎
      • Computer-aided manufacturing and design 🔎
      • Industrial plants/manufacturing plants 🔎
      • Logistics 🔎
      • Maintenance/repair 🔎
      • Mass production 🔎
      • Organization of work 🔎
      • Overproduction 🔎
      • Processing 🔎
      • Procurement 🔎
      • Product assortment 🔎
      • Product quality 🔎
      • Product specialization 🔎
      • Production 🔎
      • Quality controls 🔎
      • Relocation of production 🔎
      • Resources 🔎
      • Scale of production 🔎
      • Stock keeping/storage 🔎
      • Stock management 🔎
    • F.06.06 Sales/Marketing
      • Advertising 🔎
      • Advertising agencies 🔎
      • Consumers 🔎
      • Direct external trade (firm/company) 🔎
      • Direct selling 🔎
      • Distribution system 🔎
      • Electronic commerce 🔎
      • Market research 🔎
      • Marketing 🔎
      • Marketing boards 🔎
      • Marketing opportunities 🔎
      • Markets (sales) 🔎
      • Opening up new markets 🔎
      • Sales 🔎
    • F.06.07 Human resources management
      • Employee representation 🔎
      • Entrepreneurs 🔎
      • Executive management 🔎
      • Leadership (staff) 🔎
      • Management style 🔎
      • Personnel management and administration 🔎
      • Personnel policy 🔎
      • Profit sharing 🔎
      • Salaried employees 🔎
      • Senior executives 🔎
      • Social security benefits from employers 🔎
      • Staff 🔎
      • Staffing plan 🔎
      • Supervisory and control bodies/institutions 🔎
      • Worker participation/codetermination 🔎
      • Workers 🔎
    • F.06.08 Corporate policy/Management
      • Autonomous management (business enterprises) 🔎
      • Closure of enterprises 🔎
      • Company bankruptcy 🔎
      • Company profile 🔎
      • Company publications 🔎
      • Corporate finance 🔎
      • Corporate policy 🔎
      • Corporate social responsibility 🔎
      • Diversification 🔎
      • Employee representation 🔎
      • Enterprise formation 🔎
      • Executive management 🔎
      • Intercultural management 🔎
      • Management (functional) 🔎
      • Management consultancy 🔎
      • Management information systems 🔎
      • Management techniques 🔎
      • Operational planning (enterprises) 🔎
      • Organization of enterprises 🔎
      • Product specialization 🔎
      • Public relations 🔎
      • Quarterly reports 🔎
      • Relocation of production 🔎
      • Representations abroad 🔎
      • Restrictive trade practices 🔎
      • Self-management 🔎
    • F.06.09 Legal transactions in economic affairs
      • Arbitrage transactions 🔎
      • Bankruptcy 🔎
      • Barter trade 🔎
      • Business terms 🔎
      • Commodity futures transactions 🔎
      • Financial futures transactions 🔎
      • Forward/futures transactions 🔎
      • Index clause 🔎
      • International commodity trade 🔎
      • Switch transactions 🔎
    • F.06.10 Profitability/Accounting
      • Accounting regulations and principles 🔎
      • Accounts 🔎
      • Amortization and depreciation 🔎
      • Ancillary wage costs 🔎
      • Bankruptcy 🔎
      • Business accounting 🔎
      • Business audit 🔎
      • Business economics 🔎
      • Capacity 🔎
      • Company taxation 🔎
      • Corporate finance 🔎
      • Cost accounting 🔎
      • Cost estimation methods 🔎
      • Costs/expenditure 🔎
      • Direct taxes 🔎
      • Economic efficiency 🔎
      • Economies of scale 🔎
      • Efficiency/Efficacy 🔎
      • Elasticity 🔎
      • Factor costs 🔎
      • Financial reports 🔎
      • Follow-up costs 🔎
      • Indirect taxes 🔎
      • Inflation accounting 🔎
      • Intensity 🔎
      • Operating costs 🔎
      • Opportunity costs 🔎
      • Production costs 🔎
      • Productivity 🔎
      • Profitability 🔎
      • Profits 🔎
      • Returns 🔎
      • Transaction costs 🔎
      • Turnover 🔎
      • Wage costs 🔎
  • F.07 - Raw materials/Products     ↑ top
    • F.07.01 Raw materials
      • Commodity prices 🔎
      • Developing countries lacking natural resources 🔎
      • Developing countries with natural resources 🔎
      • Extraction of raw materials 🔎
      • International raw material markets 🔎
      • Metal crude ores 🔎
      • Mineral raw materials 🔎
      • Natural resources 🔎
      • Natural resources management 🔎
      • Non-renewable resources 🔎
      • Raw materials 🔎
      • Raw materials balance 🔎
      • Raw materials consumption 🔎
      • Raw materials export model 🔎
      • Raw materials exporting countries 🔎
      • Raw materials importing countries 🔎
      • Raw materials needs 🔎
      • Raw materials policy 🔎
      • Raw materials processing 🔎
      • Raw materials reserves 🔎
      • Raw materials storage 🔎
      • Raw materials supply 🔎
      • Raw materials utilization 🔎
      • Recycling (raw materials) 🔎
      • Renewable resources 🔎
      • Resource exploitation 🔎
      • Resource protection 🔎
      • Resources 🔎
      • Strategic raw materials 🔎
    • F.07.02 Products
      • Agricultural products 🔎
      • Animal products 🔎
      • Armaments 🔎
      • Capital goods 🔎
      • Carpets 🔎
      • Chemical products 🔎
      • Clothing 🔎
      • Commodities 🔎
      • Construction materials 🔎
      • Consumer goods 🔎
      • Dual use technology 🔎
      • Finished products 🔎
      • Fish products 🔎
      • Food products 🔎
      • Handicraft tools 🔎
      • Hides and skins 🔎
      • Household appliances/goods 🔎
      • Industrial products 🔎
      • Leather 🔎
      • Luxury foods/stimulants 🔎
      • Luxury goods 🔎
      • Metal products 🔎
      • Oils and fats (animal/vegetable) 🔎
      • Plant products 🔎
      • Product quality 🔎
      • Products 🔎
      • Public goods/public services 🔎
      • Semimanufactured products 🔎
      • Technical products 🔎
      • Textiles 🔎
      • Toys 🔎
      • Wood products 🔎
  • F.08 - Public      ↑ top
    • F.08.01 Public finance, general
      • Audit offices 🔎
      • Crowding-out 🔎
      • Customs and excise administration 🔎
      • Finance (academic discipline) 🔎
      • Financial law 🔎
      • Financial reforms 🔎
      • Financial/fiscal administration 🔎
      • National economic plans (imperative type) 🔎
      • Public finance law 🔎
      • Public finance policy planning 🔎
      • Public finances 🔎
      • Public financial policy 🔎
      • Public sector share in GNP 🔎
    • F.08.02 National budget
      • Agricultural budgets 🔎
      • Budget appropriation 🔎
      • Budget deficits 🔎
      • Budget implementation and accounts 🔎
      • Budget policy 🔎
      • Budget proposals 🔎
      • Budget total 🔎
      • Budgetary law 🔎
      • Budgetary structures 🔎
      • Budgets of international organizations 🔎
      • Budgets of ministries 🔎
      • Defence budgets 🔎
      • Public budgets 🔎
      • State budgets 🔎
    • F.08.03 Public revenue
      • Border tax adjustment 🔎
      • Charges and dues (public) 🔎
      • Company taxation 🔎
      • Consumption tax 🔎
      • Customs duties 🔎
      • Direct taxes 🔎
      • Double taxation 🔎
      • Export/import levies 🔎
      • Fees/dues 🔎
      • Income tax 🔎
      • Indirect taxes 🔎
      • Inheritance tax 🔎
      • International fiscal law 🔎
      • Landed property tax 🔎
      • Profits tax 🔎
      • Public revenue 🔎
      • Public revenue policy 🔎
      • Tax competition 🔎
      • Tax evasion 🔎
      • Tax exemption 🔎
      • Tax increases 🔎
      • Tax policy 🔎
      • Tax reductions 🔎
      • Tax reforms 🔎
      • Tax revenues 🔎
      • Tax/fiscal law 🔎
      • Taxation at source 🔎
      • Taxation systems 🔎
      • Taxes 🔎
      • Turnover tax/value added tax 🔎
      • Wealth tax 🔎
    • F.08.04 Public expenditure
      • Defence expenditure 🔎
      • Direct subsidies 🔎
      • Indirect subsidies 🔎
      • Public consumption 🔎
      • Public expenditure 🔎
      • Public expenditure on education 🔎
      • Public expenditure on employment 🔎
      • Public expenditure on environmental protection 🔎
      • Public expenditure on health 🔎
      • Public expenditure on research 🔎
      • Public expenditure on social services 🔎
      • Public expenditure on transport 🔎
      • Public expenditure policy 🔎
      • Public investment 🔎
      • Public loans 🔎
      • Public works 🔎
      • Subsidies 🔎
    • F.08.05 Public loans, debt, assets
      • Debt repayment 🔎
      • Debt rescheduling 🔎
      • Domestic public debt 🔎
      • Foreign public debt 🔎
      • Guarantees 🔎
      • Horizontal national financial adjustment 🔎
      • International financial adjustment 🔎
      • Partial government ownership 🔎
      • Public assets/wealth 🔎
      • Public borrowing 🔎
      • Public debt policy 🔎
      • Public financial adjustments 🔎
      • Public indebtedness 🔎
      • Public lending 🔎
      • Public ownership 🔎
      • Vertical national financial adjustment 🔎
  • F.09 - Economic      ↑ top
    • F.09.01 Economic policy, general
      • Common economic policy of states/groups of states 🔎
      • Delayed effects of economic/policy measures 🔎
      • Demand-side economics 🔎
      • Determinants of economic policy 🔎
      • Economic integration (national) 🔎
      • Economic order policy 🔎
      • Economic policy 🔎
      • Economic policy concepts 🔎
      • Economic policy instruments 🔎
      • Economic policy objectives 🔎
      • Economic sanctions 🔎
      • Effectiveness of economic policy measures 🔎
      • Interrelationship between defence and economic policy 🔎
      • Interrelationship between domestic and economic policy 🔎
      • Interrelationship between foreign and economic policy 🔎
      • Intervention policy (economy) 🔎
      • Macroeconomic management 🔎
      • Promotion of economic development 🔎
      • Structural economic policy 🔎
      • Supply-side economics 🔎
    • F.09.02 Economic policy in various sectors
      • Assets/income distribution policy 🔎
      • Budget policy 🔎
      • Competition policy 🔎
      • Discount rate policy 🔎
      • Economic order policy 🔎
      • Economic reforms 🔎
      • Employment policy 🔎
      • Environmental policy 🔎
      • Exchange rate policy 🔎
      • Fiscal policy 🔎
      • Foreign economic policy 🔎
      • Growth policy 🔎
      • Incomes policy 🔎
      • International monetary policy 🔎
      • Investment policy 🔎
      • Labour market policy 🔎
      • Local economic policy 🔎
      • Minimum reserve policy (monetary policy) 🔎
      • Monetary policy/credit policy 🔎
      • Money supply management 🔎
      • Open market policy 🔎
      • Price policy 🔎
      • Prices and incomes policy 🔎
      • Property ownership policy 🔎
      • Public debt policy 🔎
      • Public revenue policy 🔎
      • Regional economic policy 🔎
      • Sectoral economic policy 🔎
      • Stabilization policy 🔎
      • Tax policy 🔎
      • Technology policy 🔎
      • Wage and price controls 🔎
      • Wages policy 🔎
    • F.09.03 Monetary policy/Credit policy
      • Capital movement control 🔎
      • Central bank rates 🔎
      • Discount rate policy 🔎
      • Discount rates 🔎
      • Exchange rate policy 🔎
      • Minimum reserve policy (monetary policy) 🔎
      • Monetarism 🔎
      • Monetary policy/credit policy 🔎
      • Monetary reform 🔎
    • F.09.04 Economic planning
      • Centralized economic planning 🔎
      • Decentralized economic planning 🔎
      • Development planning 🔎
      • Development plans 🔎
      • Economic planning 🔎
      • Fulfilment of plans 🔎
      • Indicative economic planning 🔎
      • Methods of economic planning 🔎
      • National economic plans (imperative type) 🔎
      • National economic plans (indicative type) 🔎
      • Regional government economic planning 🔎
  • F.10 - Socialist economies     ↑ top
    • F.10.01 Socialist economy, general
      • Autonomous management (business enterprises) 🔎
      • Combines 🔎
      • Direct relations between enterprises 🔎
      • Economic methods of macroeconomic management 🔎
      • Heavy industry 🔎
      • Light industry 🔎
      • Marxist economic system 🔎
      • Political economics of socialism 🔎
      • Private secondary markets 🔎
      • Social ownership of means of production 🔎
      • Socialist competition 🔎
      • Socialist economic systems 🔎
      • Socialist enterprises 🔎
      • Socialization (of property) 🔎
      • State management (national economy) 🔎
    • F.10.02 Socialist method of production
      • Exchange value (goods-money) 🔎
      • Increased reproduction 🔎
      • Material/technical basis 🔎
      • Means of production 🔎
      • Productive forces 🔎
      • Relationships governing production 🔎
      • Supplier-customer relations 🔎
    • F.10.03 Value
    • F.10.04 Funds
      • Basic production funds 🔎
      • Circulation funds 🔎
      • Consumption funds 🔎
      • Foreign currency funds 🔎
      • Funds (socialist economy) 🔎
      • Investment funds 🔎
      • Production circulation funds 🔎
      • Production funds 🔎
      • Public funds 🔎
      • Reserve funds 🔎
      • Wage funds 🔎
    • F.10.05 Economic accountancy
      • Economic accountancy 🔎
      • Gross production 🔎
      • Index numbers 🔎
      • National balancing of accounts 🔎
      • Net production of commodities 🔎